Myopia, or nearsightedness, is increasingly common in children, prompting parents to wonder: is it in their genes or a result of modern lifestyles? Experts say it’s a complex interplay of both, highlighting the importance of understanding the factors influencing vision health.

The question of whether myopia is inherited has long been debated. Research consistently demonstrates a genetic component; children with one or both parents who are nearsighted are significantly more likely to develop the condition themselves. However, genetics don’t tell the whole story. Lifestyle factors, particularly those associated with increased screen time and reduced outdoor activity, are now recognized as major contributors.

Prolonged near work, such as focusing on smartphones, tablets, and computers, puts strain on the eyes and can accelerate the progression of myopia. Conversely, spending time outdoors appears to have a protective effect. Studies suggest that exposure to natural light stimulates the release of dopamine in the retina, which may inhibit eye growth and reduce the risk of myopia development. The exact mechanisms are still being investigated, but the correlation is clear: more time outdoors is associated with better vision outcomes.

Experts recommend a balanced approach to managing childhood myopia risk. While genetic predisposition cannot be changed, parents can influence lifestyle factors. Limiting screen time, encouraging outdoor play (at least 90 minutes daily is often suggested), and ensuring proper lighting during near work are all strategies that can help protect a child’s vision. Regular eye exams are also crucial for early detection and intervention, allowing for timely management of any developing myopia.

The rise in myopia prevalence in recent decades strongly suggests that environmental factors are playing an increasingly important role. As technology continues to evolve and screen time becomes even more ingrained in daily life, understanding the relationship between genetics and lifestyle in myopia development is more critical than ever for safeguarding the vision health of children.